The known species of genus Neusticomys occur from the Colombian and Ecuadorian Andes southward to the Amazonian lowlands of Peru and eastward to Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, and Amapá, Brazil. In this study we describe a new species, Neusticomys sp. nov., from the Rio Juruena on the Central Brazilian shield, extending the distributional range of the genus and placing it in the center of South America. Neusticomys sp. nov. is defined and diagnosed by a unique combination of character states: ears and feet covered by dark brown hairs; size small; inferior zygomatic root anterior to 1st upper molar; orbicular apophysis absent; M3 present; m3 frequently present; posteroloph absent on M2 and M3; reduction of posterior lobe relative to the anterior lobe on M2; and 2n = 92, FN = 98.